ESSAYS
INFLATION
OUTLINES:
INTRODUCTION
- LEADING CAUSES OF INFLATION
- FRAGILE ECONOMIC POLICES
- HOARDING, DISHONEST ATTITUDE OF TRADERS
- STEPS TO CHECK INFLATION
- CONCLUSION
Inflation
refers to a continuous, general increase in the price of goods and services.
Rise in prices is called inflation. Inflation at very fast rate is
Hyper-Inflation,medium is Strato-Inflation and low lever is Creeping inflation. During the recent
years the rise has abnormal and it has endangered the stability of our economy
nationally and individually. In Pakistan inflation has become an unending
disease to our economy. Once a state is caught in the circle of
inflation then it will be difficult for that state to get rid of it.
inflation then it will be difficult for that state to get rid of it.
There are
various factors that contribute to the rise in prices. Some are natural factors
like unfavorable weather conditions which affect the food production and lead
to the shortage of
commodities in the market. With more money chasing fewer goods, the prices take to the wings. Besides this natural problem there are man-made problems like hoarding which contribute to the rapid increase in prices. The trading community which senses a shorting of certain commodities, especially the essential commodities, they resort to large scale hoarding. They release the
hoarding products after increase in the prices and make a neat margin over their investment in the hoarded products. They get so much profit but it waters inflation.
commodities in the market. With more money chasing fewer goods, the prices take to the wings. Besides this natural problem there are man-made problems like hoarding which contribute to the rapid increase in prices. The trading community which senses a shorting of certain commodities, especially the essential commodities, they resort to large scale hoarding. They release the
hoarding products after increase in the prices and make a neat margin over their investment in the hoarded products. They get so much profit but it waters inflation.
The rise
of prices in Pakistan can also be attribute to the despicable acts of traders.
Their only motive is to get maximum profit and so they try to charge lots of
money from the customers
as much as possible. This has created a class of people who are becoming richer day by day and the other class is becoming poorer. Hoarding is also playing a bad role in escalation of prices in the commodities
as much as possible. This has created a class of people who are becoming richer day by day and the other class is becoming poorer. Hoarding is also playing a bad role in escalation of prices in the commodities
One of the
most important reasons for inflation is the deficit budgeting. In order to
cover the gap
Pakistan has been printing more paper currency because foreign aid and taxes can not cover up the deficit. Therefore there will be greater circulation of paper money. There will be hike in prices of domestic used products as the purchasing power of the people has increased. Wrong taxation policy has also been responsible for the rise in prices. The hike in taxes results in greater desire to avoid taxes. Thus public takes wrong way of not paying taxes and there will
be escalation in prices.
Pakistan has been printing more paper currency because foreign aid and taxes can not cover up the deficit. Therefore there will be greater circulation of paper money. There will be hike in prices of domestic used products as the purchasing power of the people has increased. Wrong taxation policy has also been responsible for the rise in prices. The hike in taxes results in greater desire to avoid taxes. Thus public takes wrong way of not paying taxes and there will
be escalation in prices.
Pakistan’s
government has been making a great effort to check this inflation. The rate of
interests has been increased in order to encourage savings and withdraw of
currency. The government is
making efforts to increase industrial outputs so that the level of consumption is leveled with that of output. But unfortunately the government has not met with success in getting rid of inflation.
making efforts to increase industrial outputs so that the level of consumption is leveled with that of output. But unfortunately the government has not met with success in getting rid of inflation.
The rise
in prices goes non-stopped, some suggest that there should be demonetization of
urrency, but the government thinks that
it is an irregular method and will create doubts in the minds of the public
about the stability of the government. The rise in the prices of petrol has
affected the prices in our country. Pakistan is not producing more than 20% of
its total equirement of oil. So we have
to import a huge amount of oil every year. Moreover no step has been taken
against the traders who are mainly responsible for unreasonable rise in the
prices.
UNEMPLOYMENT
OUTLINES:
- INTRODUCTION
- LEADING CAUSES OF INFLATION
- FRAGILE ECONOMIC POLICES
- HOARDING, DISHONEST ATTITUDE OF TRADERS
- STEPS TO CHECK INFLATION
- CONCLUSION
Inflation
refers to a continuous, general increase in the price of goods and services.
Rise
in prices is called inflation. Inflation at very fast rate is Hyper-Inflation,medium is Strato-Inflation and low lever is Creeping inflation. During the recent years the rise has abnormal and it has endangered the stability of our economy nationally and individually. In Pakistan inflation has become an unending disease to our economy. Once a state is caught in the circle of inflation then it will be difficult for that state to get rid of it.
in prices is called inflation. Inflation at very fast rate is Hyper-Inflation,medium is Strato-Inflation and low lever is Creeping inflation. During the recent years the rise has abnormal and it has endangered the stability of our economy nationally and individually. In Pakistan inflation has become an unending disease to our economy. Once a state is caught in the circle of inflation then it will be difficult for that state to get rid of it.
There
are various factors that contribute to the rise in prices. Some are natural
factors like unfavorable weather conditions which affect the food production
and lead to the shortage of
commodities in the market. With more money chasing fewer goods, the prices take to the wings. Besides this natural problem there are man-made problems like hoarding which contribute to the rapid increase in prices. The trading community which senses a shorting of certain commodities, especially the essential commodities, they resort to large scale hoarding. They release the
hoarding products after increase in the prices and make a neat margin over their investment in the hoarded products. They get so much profit but it waters inflation.
commodities in the market. With more money chasing fewer goods, the prices take to the wings. Besides this natural problem there are man-made problems like hoarding which contribute to the rapid increase in prices. The trading community which senses a shorting of certain commodities, especially the essential commodities, they resort to large scale hoarding. They release the
hoarding products after increase in the prices and make a neat margin over their investment in the hoarded products. They get so much profit but it waters inflation.
The
rise of prices in Pakistan can also be attribute to the despicable acts of
traders. Their only motive is to get maximum profit and so they try to charge
lots of money from the customers
as much as possible. This has created a class of people who are becoming richer day by day and the other class is becoming poorer. Hoarding is also playing a bad role in escalation of prices in the commodities .
as much as possible. This has created a class of people who are becoming richer day by day and the other class is becoming poorer. Hoarding is also playing a bad role in escalation of prices in the commodities .
One
of the most important reasons for inflation is the deficit budgeting. In order
to cover the gap
Pakistan has been printing more paper currency because foreign aid and taxes can not cover up the deficit. Therefore there will be greater circulation of paper money. There will be hike in prices of domestic used products as the purchasing power of the people has increased. Wrong taxation policy has also been responsible for the rise in prices. The hike in taxes results in greater desire to avoid taxes. Thus public takes wrong way of not paying taxes and there will
be escalation in prices.
Pakistan has been printing more paper currency because foreign aid and taxes can not cover up the deficit. Therefore there will be greater circulation of paper money. There will be hike in prices of domestic used products as the purchasing power of the people has increased. Wrong taxation policy has also been responsible for the rise in prices. The hike in taxes results in greater desire to avoid taxes. Thus public takes wrong way of not paying taxes and there will
be escalation in prices.
Pakistan’s
government has been making a great effort to check this inflation. The rate of
interests has been increased in order to encourage savings and withdraw of
currency. The government is
making efforts to increase industrial outputs so that the level of consumption is leveled with that of output. But unfortunately the government has not met with success in getting rid of inflation.
making efforts to increase industrial outputs so that the level of consumption is leveled with that of output. But unfortunately the government has not met with success in getting rid of inflation.
The
rise in prices goes non-stopped, some suggest that there should be
demonetization of currency, but the government thinks that it is an irregular
method and will create doubts in the minds of the public about the stability of
the government. The rise in the prices of petrol has affected the prices in our
country. Pakistan is not producing more than 20% of its total requirement of
oil. So we have to import a huge amount of oil every year. Moreover no step has
been taken against the traders who are mainly responsible for unreasonable rise
in the prices.
THE IMPORTANCE OF
COMMERCE EDUCATION
INTRODUCTION
Education may be liberal or it
may be special. Now a days there are three faculties in higher education namely
arts, commerce and science. Young people, now a days, are generally guided by
lucrative aims. There main desire is to earn money and become rich. Very few
aspire for knowledge for the sake of knowledge-the aim for the older
generations. Business education offers good prospects for the ambitious person.
Many of them join commerce colleges or take admission in commerce with the aim
of getting good jobs.
Economic activities and aims
dominate the minds of modern men. Business, commerce and industries are
important branches of economic activities. Industries are said to be the
backbone of national economy.
Commerce is at the moment a
promising subject as a whole. In the present day world, almost every human
activity is related with economy, whether in the shape of trade and industry or
commerce and banking. Any concern which has transaction of money, a commerce
graduate has his footing there.
Secondly, the related fields of
commerce are many and varied. Science, in spite of its expanding scope, is yet
limited in providing jobs to the teeming millions. The scope of science is all
the more limited in backward countries like Pakistan. The Humanities subjects
are also not very promising from the profession point of view. Arts subjects
appear to have lost their worth from earning point of view.
In view of above stated facts, it
may be said that commerce graduates have some what better prospects in
Pakistan.
POPULATION PROBLEM IN
PAKISTAN
OUTLINE
- Introduction
- Overpopulation in Pakistan
- Danger for Economic Development
- Low per capital income
- Low rate of saving
- Problems for education sector
- Housing problems
- Transportation problems
- Food shortage
- Population & Environment
- Population & capital formation
- Problems for agricultural sector
- Unemployment
- remedies
- Conclusion
Overpopulation
can be defined as the condition where "finite resources of a particular
area will run out if the population expands beyond a given point".
Economics is defined as the social science dealing with the allocation of
scarce resources. The earth has a reserve of scarce resources and when the
population exceeds a certain level, allocation of these resources becomes
difficult and leads to various economic problems such as unemployment and
poverty.
Pakistan is one of the fastest growing
countries in the world. In early 1994, the population of Pakistan was estimated
to be 126 million, at that time we were the ninth most populous country of the
world, however, land area wise ranked thirty-second among nations.
Thus Pakistan has about 2 percent of
the world’s population living on less than 0.7 percent of the world’s land. The
population growth rate is among the world’s highest, officially estimated at
3.1 percent per year, but privately thought to be closer to 3.3 percent per
year by many planners involved in population programs.
Overpopulation is a great danger for
economic development as it swallows up the progress made by the economic
sector. With the increase in population, there is low capital income in the
country which badly affects the economy of the country. There per capita income
of Pakistan is 479 dollars compared to 27000 dollars in Japan and 14000 dollars
in Singapore
When a country becomes overpopulated
then its rate of saving becomes very low, as a result of which there is low
investment & high unemployment in the country. The rate of saving in
Pakistan in only15% which is very low overpopulation creates a great problem of
education sector because proper facilities are not available for whole of the
population.
Overpopulation also creates a housing problem
because given. Resources are not sufficient to proved houses to whole of
the population.
Over population also creates a problem
of transportation because Govt. resources are not sufficient to provide better
transport facilities to whole of the population whine a country becomes
overpopulated, there is food shortage in the country because its resources are
not sufficient to meet the needs of the people.
Overpopulation creates air, water &
noise pollution in the environment & in this way, badly effects the
environment & in this way, badly effects the environment.
Overpopulation can be controlled if
most of the people are educated. Educated people can easily understand and feel
the benefits of family planning. It is of course the need of hour to
educate our masses.
As over population is swallowing up all
the economic progress made by the country so the Govt. Of Pakistan is taking
keen interest in solve the problem of over population by educating the people
& making effective use of its resources. Every year a large sum of
money is spend on population planning programs to solve the problem of over
population.
Word count: 541
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